Himanshu Sharma ¹, Kuldip Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, M M University, Mullana, Ambala - 133207, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Objectives: For dynamic spectrum sharing and for spectrum scarcity problem solution, Cognitive radio is used. This paper provides Primary User Emulation Attack analysis on Cognitive radio. Methods: This paper presents simulation framework to evaluate the impact of Primary User Emulation Attack on Cognitive radio network. For evaluation of the capability analysis of Cognitive radio networks under Primary User Emulation Attack, a hypothesis test at secondary user based on measured Probability density function of power received has been conducted. Simulation is done with MATLAB 2012b. Findings: For Primary User Emulation Attack analysis on Cognitive radio, the simulation results based on probabilities of miss detection as well as false alarm have been shown. The conclusion is that with increased number of malicious users within the system, false alarm probability also increases. Application: These results are useful for Primary User Emulation Attack analysis on Cognitive radio and are also useful to telecom operators.

Keywords

Cognitive Radio (CR), Primary User Emulation Attack (PUEA), Probability Density Function (PDF), Probability of False Alarm

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Himanshu Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Maharaja Agrasen University, Baddi – 174103, Himachal Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Objectives: In this study an effort has been made to review the research works done on plastic pet bottles as a construction material replacing traditional bricks. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Construction activities impact a lot on the environment throughout the life cycle of the project. It is seen that a pet bottle fully filled and compacted with sand achieves a much higher compressive strength than that of a brick. On the other hand as the pet bottles can easily be collected from the waste, the cost of construction of this material is comparatively very less to that of the bricks. Findings: In this study several parameters like thermal study, sound insulation, light transmission, strength parameters, and structural stability have also been reviewed. Applications: The use of PET bottle is discussed and it can be used in constructing various structures which helps in sustainable development of the society.

Keywords

Brick, Compressive Strength, Eco-Brick, Green Construction, PET Bottle, Plastic, Waste.

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